Maritime pollution refers to the contamination of the ocean, seas, and other bodies of water by pollutants that are introduced by human activities related to maritime transport, offshore drilling, fishing, and other activities.

Types of maritime pollution can include:

• Oil spills – accidental or intentional releases of crude oil or refined petroleum products into the ocean, which can cause significant harm to marine life, the environment, and coastal communities.
• Chemical spills – accidental or intentional releases of chemicals, such as industrial or agricultural chemicals, into the ocean, which can have toxic effects on marine life and cause ecological damage.
• Marine debris – including plastic, glass, metal, and other materials that are discarded into the ocean and can harm marine life and disrupt marine ecosystems.
• Ballast water – the water that is taken into and released from ships’ ballast tanks, which can transport invasive species, viruses, and other harmful organisms across oceans.
• Atmospheric pollution – emissions from ships, including greenhouse gases, sulfur dioxide, and nitrogen oxides, can contribute to air pollution and climate change.

Maritime pollution can have serious consequences for marine life, the environment, and human health. International laws and regulations, such as the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL), have been established to reduce and prevent maritime pollution. Additionally, efforts are being made to develop and promote sustainable practices and technologies to minimize the impact of maritime activities on the environment.